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Question 1 of 20

1. Question
10. What are pluripotent stem cells?
- (i) They can undergo self-renewal indefinitely and can undergo differentiation to produce different types of cells and tissues of the body
- (ii) They can form both embryo and the placenta
- (iii) They can be found in different adult tissues and also in blastocytes
- (iv) Blood stem cells and adult stem cells
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Question 2 of 20

2. Question
11. Which of the following statements related to DNR repair pathways is incorrect?
- (i) The cleaved DNA is repaired via NHEJ and HDR pathways
- (ii) The HDR pathway involves the use of a homologous DNA template
- (iii) NHEJ repair mechanism can generate indels
- (iv) None of the above
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Question 3 of 20

3. Question
12. What is the application of gene knock-in and knock-out studies?
- (i) Reverse transcription of RNA into DNA
- (ii) It helps to study detailed mutations of nucleotides associated with different diseases
- (iii) To drive protein-protein interaction in cells
- (iv) None of the above
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Question 4 of 20

4. Question
13. Which of the following is an endogenous factor leading to DNA damage?
- (i) DNA base mismatch
- (ii) Errors in DNA replication
- (iii) Formation of topoisomerase-DNA complexes
- (iv) All of the above
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Question 5 of 20

5. Question
14. Which of the following statements related to the role of PAM in CRISPR-mediated genome editing is incorrect?
- (i) By modifying the specificity of PAM, the targeting range of the Cas9 nuclease can be altered
- (ii) Even a single undesired mutation in the PAM region can render the Cas9 nuclease ineffective
- (iii) In the initial step of genome editing, the ribonucleoprotein (Cas9-sgRNA) complexes with PAM sequences across the target genome
- (iv) None of the above
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Question 6 of 20

6. Question
15. What is the function of the Nuc lobe of Cpf1?
- (i) It recognises the sgRNA
- (ii) It recognises the crRNA-target dsDNA complex
- (iii) It interacts with the PAM
- (iv) It cleaves the target dsDNA
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Question 7 of 20

7. Question
16. Which of the following statements related to the reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 incorrect?
- (i) It has a symmetric structure comprising of two p66 and two p51 subunits
- (ii) The enzyme if about 1000 residues in length
- (iii) It has a symmetric structure containing one p66 and one p51 unit
- (iv) The p66 subunit has 560 amino acids and p51 subunit has 440 amino acids
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Question 8 of 20

8. Question
1. The enzymatic action of Cas9 nuclease can be compared to which of the following?
- (i) Stapler
- (ii) Scissor
- (iii) Eraser
- (iv) Anchor
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Question 9 of 20

9. Question
17. Which of the viral vectors have a low risk of insertional mutagenesis?
- (i) Lentivirus
- (ii) Adeno-associated virus
- (iii) Retrovirus
- (iv) Both (i) and (ii)
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Question 10 of 20

10. Question
2. What is sgRNA and why is it called so?
- (i) Single guide RNA, and it is produced from the fusion of crRNA and tracrRNA
- (ii) Simple guide RNA, and it consists of a relatively short and simple nucleotide sequences
- (iii) Short genomic RNA, since it helps to edit the target genome
- (iv) Shorter guide RNA, since it is about 50-100 bp in length
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Question 11 of 20

11. Question
18. What are the adverse effects of off-target gene editing leading to ethical concerns?
- (i) Can lead to erroneous and non-reproducible results in a study
- (ii) Can lead to the loss of gene function
- (iii) Can lead to adverse effects such as cancer
- (iv) All of the above
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Question 12 of 20

12. Question
3. Which of the following protein have not been used in genome editing?
- (i) Cas9
- (ii) ZFN
- (iii) MHC
- (iv) TALEN
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Question 13 of 20

13. Question
19. Which of the following leads to increased biofuel and oxygen stress tolerance?
- (i) Alteration of a single amino acid in pyruvate kinase and NADH dehydrogenase in Zymomonas mobilis
- (ii) Manipulation of the cAMP receptor protein in Escherichia coli
- (iii) Knock-out of gene encoding Dfg5 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- (iv) None of the above
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Question 14 of 20

14. Question
4. The CRISPR sequences obtained from attacking phages are recognized by
- (i) Zinc finger domains
- (ii) TALE repeats
- (iii) Leucine zippers
- (iv) Single guide RNA
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Question 15 of 20

15. Question
20. Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in mammalian cells include
- (i) gene regulation and precise genome engineering utilising DNA template during repair of cleaved DNA via the HDR pathway
- (ii) dCas9-based CRISPRi to drive transient gene alterations
- (iii) Both (i) and (ii)
- (iv) None of the above
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Question 16 of 20

16. Question
5. Potentially, the germline gene therapy could be used to correct a genetic defect in?
- (i) The affected individual only
- (ii) Affected child’s parents
- (iii) Affected individual and all his/her future generations
- (iv) None of the above
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Question 17 of 20

17. Question
6. CRISPR/Cas9 belongs to which of the following systems?
- (i) Type I and Class I
- (ii) Type II and class 2
- (iii) Type IV and Class I
- (iv) Type V and Class II
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Question 18 of 20

18. Question
7. Which of the correct sequence of processes involved in CRISPR-mediated immunity in prokaryotes?
- (i) Spacer acquisition > crRNA biogenesis > Target interception
- (ii) crRNA biogenesis > Spacer acquisition > Target interception
- (iii) Target interception > Spacer acquisition > crRNA biogenesis
- (iv) None of the above
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Question 19 of 20

19. Question
8. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
- (i) Somatic mutations can occur in any cell other than germ cells
- (ii) Somatic mutations can be passed onto the offspring of the parent organism with the mutated cell
- (iii) Germline mutations occur only in germ cells
- (iv) Inheritance of germline mutation from parents usually leads to less than 10% of tumours
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Question 20 of 20

20. Question
9. What is the classical theory of carcinogenesis?
- (i) It only involves cancer initiation through driver mutations
- (ii) Both driver and passenger mutations drive tumour development
- (iii) It involves the following stages- cancer initiation, promotion, and progression
- (iv) None of the above
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